in vitro electrophysiology
| Model | Assay | Measurement |
| 1. Wild type mice | 1. Patch clamp recordings | 1. Membrane potential |
| 2. Transgenic mice | 2. Extracellular recordings | 2. Membrane currents |
| 3. DRG neurons | 3. MEA 64 electrophysiology | 3. Synaptic activity (EPSP/IPSC) |
| 4. Brain slices | 4. Long-term potentiation (LTP) | |
| 5. Cell lines | 5. Long-term depression (LTD) |